Where's the difference?
Most of the games Java is the original version i.e. If you want to play online best
With Java you can install more mods and it has higher graphics settings
Windows 10 runs better.
There are countless mods for the Java Edition and you can play on servers like Gomme, Timolia, Mineplex, Cytooxien etc.
There are also texture packs, skins and maps for free.
The Bedrock Edition supports crossplay (PS, XBOX, WIN10, Switch, Android & iOs). However, each skin package, texture pack, addon and map costs extra there (although addons etc. Can be downloaded for free with a little detour).
But everyone (except Java) can play together on servers in the Bedrock Edition, regardless of whether they are on the Xbox, PS4 etc.