So let's assume I delete Minecraft (cell phone) because of my last question. Does that cost 8 euro again if I want to download it again or not?
If you bought it in the playstore, of course not
It should be saved in your Google Play account. You only lose it if you also change the Google Play account
No, games you buy digitally are yours. You can uninstall and reinstall them as often as you like. You don't have to pay again unless you switch Google accounts