Can you spawn iron golems faster by changing the RandomTickSpeed setting?
No.
randomTickSpeed specifies how many blocks in a subchunk (16x16x16 area) are updated per tick (1/20 second). This has nothing to do with spawning mobs. Not even with iron golems.
The chance that a golem spawns is always 1/700 per gametick. So on average every 35 seconds. (Assuming 75% + of the villagers worked in the last day and all have a bed that can be reached)
RandomTickSpeed specifies how many blocks in a subchunk (16x16x16 area) are updated per tick (1/20 second)
In a range of 15 chunks around the player.
Depending on the server side RenderDistance, or not?
With a visibility of 2 chunks, block updates are only available in the adjacent 2 chunks, although the loading area is 8 chunks. With a visibility of 16 chunks, there are block updates in the entire loading area of 16 chunks.
I think you can interpret that, yes. I couldn't find any more information.