It is common knowledge that killing cows is prohibited in India due to Hinduism, is that also true in minecraft?
No.
One and zeros are not real beings. They certainly don't care.
You can't say it in general.
If you change your Minecraft language to Hindi, cows are immortal.
I think they certainly don't care in Minecraft as they are not real cows. But extreme Hinduists will probably not do this anyway because they want to honor the animals.
This is not the case, I switched the game to hindi and I was able to kill a cow.
Then your game is probably buggy