So my question is
If I bought Minecraft I have to buy things again in the game so that I can play these mini games and other things, or if I bought Minecraft, I have access to Maps, Mini games, etc.
Do you mean the Java Edition or the Bedrock Edition?
Java edition
No, you don't have to, you can pay extra for cosmetics and benefits, but you can also do without servers are free if you don't want a rank
After you have bought the Java Edition, you can visit all servers free of charge. However, if you want to receive a rank, you have to purchase it on most servers for a fee. These ranks offer you some advantages, but you can do without them. Otherwise there are no further costs after purchasing the Minecraft Java Edition.