I was wondering can you survive in Minecraft / kill?
Not at all without a plug-in
No, at least not in the newer versions.
In older versions, the resistance effect protected you from this. Because / kill was just doing a huge amount of damage back then, and Resistance 5 prevented 100% of the damage.
The / kill nowadays directly changes your state to dead, without any detours - that's why you can't prevent / survive it.