Are there any good shaders where wood etc look more realistic for laptops?
A shader has nothing to do with the textures.
Which version do you use (Bedrock or Java)? Otherwise you can use the RTX version depending on the graphics card you have.
At the moment I'm considering whether to get an iPad or a laptop. And the Minecraft graphics would be an argument for me to get a laptop. So I don't know that much about it… Is it potentially possible to get pretty good graphics on the laptop, and what kind of graphics card do I need for good graphics?
The laptop that I think would be good has a Radeon Vega 8 graphics card
With a Vega 8 it runs very slowly over shaders (normal gaming should be possible with 60fps, unless you are next to hundreds of people, for example on GrieferGames, Gomme or especially Hypixel Skyblock. IPad is better. You can also use an iPad Play on Java servers, but you need an additional modification called Geyser, if the Java server of your choice has not installed it itself (of the above only GrieferGames has, on Hypixel you can't play with Geyser either)
You can't install Java-Mods / Maps / TPs, for Geyser you often need a Java-Account (except for GrieferGames, they reprogrammed it there). Minecraft Bedrock has changed significantly. 3 years ago it was still a horror to convert cards to or from Java, now the Bedrock has significantly more features.
I tell you: Shaders were just lying around, unless you have an expensive PC. They don't look as good as they are often portrayed.