Make Minecraft picture indestructible?

Can I make a painting indestructible?

Something like that works with plugins

That works with worldguard. In the config you can set that pictures and frames can't be destroyed.

Via plug-in or modification which takes away the rights to remove it Yes. Not in vanilla, however.

This command makes the next picture indestructible for survival or adventure mode players

/ data merge entity @e [type = painting, limit = 1, sort = nearest] {Invulnerable: 1b}

You can do this with any command that changes the properties of the image