I bought Minecraft this normal version a few days ago. Should I have bought the Windows 10 edition or is there no difference?
You can fastbridge better
The Minecraft Bedrock Editions usually run a bit more powerful than the Java Edition.
The Java Editon has a mature community and more options when it comes to modding.
Fastbridgen is much more pleasant,
Redstone works better, (e.g. Does not break if it runs over a piston)
Trees are more individual,
the visibility can be set higher
(and when we're at it: the world loads much more smoothly),
some elements look more natural (e.g. The way the leash moves)
and much more.