How can I disable antialiasing / edge smoothing in Photoshop Elements?

Since I mainly use PSE to edit Minecraft graphics and there, with small pixel masses, images sometimes need to be enlarged to 200-300%, but the pixels should remain the same, I would like to deactivate this anti-aliasing when placing and transforming, but how?

That is not really possible. You could blur the whole image out of focus, that's a sharpening filter, and then sharpen the edges again. You can also find the filter there.

I don't quite understand, you want to scale up a Mincraft 16x16 texture by 200%, but you want the pixel edges to stay as they are? Why that? When it comes to textures, stay on 16x16?

Yes, but depending on that, I would like to copy part of the existing image (16x16) into a 32x32 image.

Then you must not scale "crooked". So always work with pixel doubling in every direction. In addition, there's often the option AA on / off when scaling in graphics programs.

But why? If you want to make a 32x32 texture pack, are 16x16 textures totally wacky?

Not if the textures are edgy. For example, I was just about to copy a 16x16 crosshair from one texture pack to another, which has 32x32 textures. Since the crosshair with other icons is stored in a file, it was quite complicated.